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References

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Key Papers on Metabolic Scaling Theory

  • Banavar, J. R., Maritan, A., & Rinaldo, A. (1999). Size and form in efficient transportation networks. Nature, 399(6732), 130-132.

  • Bentley, L. P., Stegen, J. C., Savage, V. M., Smith, D. D., von Allmen, E. I., Sperry, J. S., ... & Enquist, B. J. (2013). An empirical assessment of tree branching networks and implications for plant allometric scaling models. Ecology Letters, 16(8), 1069-1078.

  • Brown, J. H., Gillooly, J. F., Allen, A. P., Savage, V. M., & West, G. B. (2004). Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology, 85(7), 1771-1789.

  • Brown, J. H., & West, G. B. (Eds.). (2000). Scaling in Biology. Oxford University Press.

  • Enquist, B. J., Brown, J. H., & West, G. B. (1998). Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density. Nature, 395(6698), 163-165.

  • Enquist, B. J., West, G. B., Charnov, E. L., & Brown, J. H. (1999). Allometric scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants. Nature, 401(6756), 907-911.

  • Smith, D. D., Sperry, J. S., Enquist, B. J., Savage, V. M., McCulloh, K. A., & Bentley, L. P. (2014). Deviation from symmetrically self-similar branching in trees predicts altered hydraulics, mechanics, light interception and metabolic scaling. New Phytologist, 201(1), 217-229.

  • West, G. B. (1999). The fourth dimension of life: fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms. Science, 284(5420), 1677-1679.

  • West, G. B., Brown, J. H., & Enquist, B. J. (1999). A general model for the structure and allometry of plant vascular systems. Nature, 400(6745), 664-667.

  • West, G. B., Brown, J. H., & Enquist, B. J. (2009). A general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(17), 7040-7045.

Fractal Geometry and Mandelbrot

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (1977). Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension. W. H. Freeman.

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman.

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (1985). Self-affine fractals and fractal dimension. Physica Scripta, 32(4), 257.

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (1986). Self-affine fractal sets. In Fractals in Physics (pp. 3-28). Elsevier.

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (2002). Gaussian Self-Affinity and Fractals. Springer.

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (2013). Multifractals and 1/f Noise. Springer.

Allometry and Historical Background

  • Huxley, J. S. (1932). Problems of Relative Growth. Methuen.

  • Huxley, J. S. (1950). Relative growth and form transformation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 137(889), 465-469.

  • Huxley, J. S., & Teissier, G. (1936). Terminology of relative growth. Nature, 137(3471), 780-781.

  • Kleiber, M. (1932). Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia, 6(11), 315-353.

  • Rubner, M. (1883). Über den Einfluss der Körpergröße auf Stoff- und Kraftwechsel. Zeitschrift für Biologie, 19, 535-562.

Fractal Analysis Methods

  • Barnsley, M. F. (1988). Fractals Everywhere. Academic Press.

  • Fitter, A. H., & Strickland, T. R. (1992). Architectural analysis of plant root systems. New Phytologist, 121(2), 243-248.

  • Plotnick, R. E., Gardner, R. H., & O'Neill, R. V. (1993). Lacunarity indices as measures of landscape texture. Landscape Ecology, 8(3), 201-211.

  • Plotnick, R. E., Gardner, R. H., Hargrove, W. W., Prestegaard, K., & Perlmutter, M. (1996). Lacunarity analysis: A general technique for the analysis of spatial patterns. Physical Review E, 53(5), 5461.

Ecological Applications

  • Drake, J. B., & Weishampel, J. F. (2000). Multifractal analysis of canopy height measures in a longleaf pine savanna. Forest Ecology and Management, 128(1-2), 121-127.

  • Frontier, S. (1987). Applications of fractal theory to ecology. In Developments in Numerical Ecology (pp. 335-378). Springer.

  • Milne, B. T. (1992). Spatial aggregation and neutral models in fractal landscapes. The American Naturalist, 139(1), 32-57.

  • Seuront, L. (2011). Fractals and multifractals in ecology and aquatic science. CRC Press.

  • Sugihara, G., & May, R. M. (1990). Applications of fractals in ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 5(3), 79-86.

  • Zeide, B. (1991). Fractal geometry in forestry applications. Forest Ecology and Management, 46(3-4), 179-188.

Thermodynamics and Entropy

  • Seely, A. J., & Macklem, P. (2012). Fractal variability: an emergent property of complex dissipative systems. Chaos, 22(1), 013108.

  • Sernetz, M., Gelléri, B., & Hofmann, J. (1985). The organism as bioreactor: Interpretation of the reduction law of metabolism in terms of heterogeneous catalysis and fractal structure. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 117(2), 209-230.