---
type: Paper Section
title: Biological Geometry — References
description: >-
  Works cited and additional resources for the Part IV chapter: WBE allometric
  scaling, the Barnsley fern, diffusion-limited aggregation in lichens and
  stromatolites, crown shyness, kelp forest remote sensing, Lapidus's fractal strings,
  and log-periodic phenomena.
resource: https://tyson-swetnam.github.io/fractal-notebooks/biological-geometry/references/
tags: [paper, part-iv, reference, biological]
paper:
  title: "Architectures of the Infinite: Self-Affine Fractals, Complex Dimensions, and the Thermodynamic Geometries of Biological Space-Filling"
  part_title: Biological Space-Filling and Thermodynamic Geometry
  landing: https://tyson-swetnam.github.io/fractal-notebooks/biological-geometry/
  stage: chapter-draft
sources:
  - id: santini2023
    resource: https://doi.org/10.3390/a16030129
    title: Apollonian packing of circles within ellipses (Santini, Mangini and Frezza 2023, Algorithms)
  - id: gwynne-miller2021
    resource: https://doi.org/10.1214/20-AOP1471
    title: "Random walk on random planar maps: spectral dimension, resistance and displacement (Gwynne and Miller 2021, Annals of Probability)"
  - id: arkema-samhouri2019
    resource: https://doi.org/10.3390/d11080120
    title: "Living on the edge: variation in the abundance and demography of a kelp forest epibiont (Arkema and Samhouri 2019, Diversity)"
  - id: altes-chirplets2021
    resource: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101922
    title: The Altes family of log-periodic chirplets and the hyperbolic chirplet transform (Symmetry, 2021)
  - id: de-marchi-cassi1993
    resource: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X9300037X
    title: Fractal geometry and ecology of lichens (De Marchi and Cassi 1993, Fractals)
  - id: dewey1997
    resource: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X97000565
    title: Algorithmic complexity and thermodynamics of fractal growth processes (Dewey 1997, Fractals)
generated:
  by: human:tswetnam
  at: "2025-12-14T00:00:00Z"
status: draft
---

# References

<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.

## Works Cited

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Brown, James H., et al. "The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms." *PubMed*, 1999. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10356399/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10356399/)

Chen, Joe P. "Research Page." *Colgate University*, 2025. [https://fractologist.github.io/research/](https://fractologist.github.io/research/)

Dana, M. R. "Apollonian Packing of Circles within Ellipses." *Algorithms*, vol. 16, no. 3, 2023, article 129. [https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/3/129](https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/3/129)

Drake, J. B., and D. B. Weishampel. "Multifractal Analysis of Canopy Height Measures in a Longleaf Pine Savanna." *Forest Ecology and Management*, 2000. [https://sciences.ucf.edu/biology/games/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2012/09/DrakeJBfem00.pdf](https://sciences.ucf.edu/biology/games/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2012/09/DrakeJBfem00.pdf)

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Gwynne, E., and J. Miller. "Random Walk on Random Planar Maps: Spectral Dimension, Resistance and Displacement." *Annals of Probability*, vol. 49, no. 3, 2021, pp. 1471-1525. [https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-probability/volume-49/issue-3/Random-walk-on-random-planar-maps--Spectral-dimension-resistance/10.1214/20-AOP1471.pdf](https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-probability/volume-49/issue-3/Random-walk-on-random-planar-maps--Spectral-dimension-resistance/10.1214/20-AOP1471.pdf)

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Pommerening, Arne. "Crown Plasticity in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a Strategy of Adaptation to Competition and Environmental." *Forest Biometrics Lab*, 2017. [https://pommerening.org/wiki/images/b/b1/UriaDiezPommerening2017.pdf](https://pommerening.org/wiki/images/b/b1/UriaDiezPommerening2017.pdf)

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Rodriguez-Hertz, F., et al. "The Altes Family of Log-Periodic Chirplets and the Hyperbolic Chirplet Transform." *Symmetry*, vol. 13, no. 10, 2021, article 1922. [https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1922](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1922)

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Zhao, Y., et al. "A High-Resolution Global Map of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) Forests and Intertidal Green Algae (Ulvophyceae) with Sentinel-2 Imagery." *Remote Sensing*, vol. 12, no. 4, 2020, article 694. [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/694](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/694)

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---

## Additional Resources

### Foundational Texts

Mandelbrot, Benoit B. *The Fractal Geometry of Nature*. W.H. Freeman, 1982.

Barnsley, Michael F. *Fractals Everywhere*. Academic Press, 1988.

Lapidus, Michel L., and Machiel van Frankenhuijsen. *Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions: Geometry and Spectra of Fractal Strings*. Springer, 2013.

### Biological Scaling

West, Geoffrey B., James H. Brown, and Brian J. Enquist. "A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology." *Science*, vol. 276, no. 5309, 1997, pp. 122-126.

Enquist, Brian J., and Karl J. Niklas. "Global Allocation Rules for Patterns of Biomass Partitioning in Seed Plants." *Science*, vol. 295, no. 5559, 2002, pp. 1517-1520.

### Number Theory and Physics

Berry, Michael V. "Spectral Zeta Functions for Aharonov-Bohm Quantum Billiards." *Journal of Physics A*, vol. 19, 1986, pp. 2281-2296. [https://michaelberryphysics.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/berry150.pdf](https://michaelberryphysics.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/berry150.pdf)

Connes, Alain. "Trace Formula in Noncommutative Geometry and the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function." *Selecta Mathematica*, vol. 5, 1999, pp. 29-106.
